Present Perfect Simple: Have/Has + Past Participle
Domina el tiempo verbal clave para hablar de experiencias y acciones con relevancia presente
¿Qué es el Present Perfect Simple?
El Present Perfect Simple es uno de los tiempos verbales más importantes del inglés B1. Conecta el pasado con el presente, expresando experiencias de vida, acciones recientes y situaciones que continúan hasta ahora.
Formación del Present Perfect
✅ Afirmativo
I/You/We/They + have + past participle
He/She/It + has + past participle
• I have worked here for 5 years
• She has finished the report
❌ Negativo
I/You/We/They + haven't + past participle
He/She/It + hasn't + past participle
• We haven't received the email
• He hasn't called yet
❓ Interrogativo
Have + I/you/we/they + past participle?
Has + he/she/it + past participle?
• Have you seen the presentation?
• Has she arrived?
🔄 Past Participles Comunes
work → worked
finish → finished
start → started
be → been
have → had
do → done
go → gone
see → seen
Usos Principales del Present Perfect
🎯1. Experiencias de Vida (sin tiempo específico)
Hablamos de experiencias sin mencionar cuándo ocurrieron:
• I've traveled to 20 countries
• She's never eaten sushi
• Have you ever been to a conference in London?
⏰2. Acciones Recientes (con just, already, yet)
Para acciones que acaban de ocurrir o esperamos que ocurran:
• I've just finished the meeting
• They've already sent the proposal
• Has he replied yet? / He hasn't replied yet
📈3. Cambios y Resultados
Para describir cambios hasta el presente o resultados actuales:
• Sales have increased by 30%
• The situation has improved significantly
• Technology has changed how we work
⏳4. Duración (con for y since)
Para situaciones que empezaron en el pasado y continúan:
• I've worked here for three years (período)
• She's lived in Madrid since 2020 (punto de inicio)
• How long have you known him?
Expresiones de Tiempo
✅ Con Present Perfect
- • ever/never - experiencias
- • just - acción muy reciente
- • already - antes de lo esperado
- • yet - todavía no/ya
- • recently/lately - recientemente
- • so far - hasta ahora
- • for + período - duración
- • since + punto - desde
- • this week/month/year - período actual
- • today - si el día no ha terminado
❌ NO con Present Perfect
- • yesterday → Past Simple
- • last week/month/year → Past Simple
- • in 2020 → Past Simple
- • two days ago → Past Simple
- • when I was young → Past Simple
- • at 3 o'clock → Past Simple
- • on Monday → Past Simple
- • then → Past Simple
Present Perfect en el Contexto Profesional
En Reuniones y Presentaciones:
• "We've completed 80% of the project"
• "Sales have exceeded our targets this quarter"
• "I've prepared a detailed analysis"
• "Have you reviewed the latest figures?"
En CVs y Entrevistas:
• "I've managed teams of up to 50 people"
• "I've worked in finance for 10 years"
• "I've successfully implemented several IT systems"
• "I've always been passionate about marketing"
En Emails Profesionales:
• "I've attached the documents you requested"
• "We haven't received your payment yet"
• "Have you had a chance to review my proposal?"
• "The client has just confirmed the meeting"
Ejercicios Interactivos
I _____ (work) for this company since 2019.
¿Cuál es la forma correcta del Present Perfect?
They _____ (just/finish) the project.
Which sentence expresses a life experience?
The meeting _____ (already/start).
Errores Comunes a Evitar
❌ I have seen him yesterday
✅ I saw him yesterday
Con tiempos específicos usa Past Simple
❌ She has went to the office
✅ She has gone to the office
Usa el past participle correcto
❌ I am here since 2020
✅ I have been here since 2020
Para duración usa Present Perfect
❌ Have you ever been in Paris?
✅ Have you ever been to Paris?
"Been to" para visitas a lugares
Consejos para Dominar el Present Perfect
Estrategias de Aprendizaje
- • Piensa en relevancia presente, no en traducción
- • Memoriza los past participles irregulares más comunes
- • Practica con experiencias personales
- • Usa ever/never para hacer preguntas interesantes
- • Asocia for con números y since con fechas
Práctica Diaria
- • Escribe 3 cosas que has hecho hoy
- • Pregunta a colegas sobre sus experiencias
- • Describe cambios en tu empresa/trabajo
- • Practica con noticias recientes
- • Usa Present Perfect en emails cuando sea apropiado
📋 Referencia Rápida - Present Perfect
Estructura
✅ have/has + past participle
❌ haven't/hasn't + past participle
❓ Have/Has + subject + past participle?
Palabras Clave
• ever, never, just
• already, yet
• for, since
• recently, so far
Usos Principales
• Experiencias de vida
• Acciones recientes
• Cambios/Resultados
• Duración continua
Resumen del Present Perfect Simple
El Present Perfect Simple es esencial para comunicarte efectivamente en inglés B1. Conecta el pasado con el presente de manera única, permitiéndote hablar de:
- ✅ Experiencias sin especificar cuándo ocurrieron
- ✅ Acciones recientes con impacto en el presente
- ✅ Situaciones continuas desde el pasado hasta ahora
- ✅ Cambios y desarrollos hasta el momento actual